Evaluation of tactical training in team handball by means of artificial neural networks     

Amr Hassan  Norbert Schrapf  Wael Ramadan  Markus Tilp 《Journal of sports sciences》2017,35(7):642-647

While tactical performance in competition has been analysed extensively, the assessment of training processes of tactical behaviour has rather been neglected in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to provide a methodology to assess the acquisition and implementation of offensive tactical behaviour in team handball. The use of game analysis software combined with an artificial neural network (ANN) software enabled identifying tactical target patterns from high level junior players based on their positions during offensive actions. These patterns were then trained by an amateur junior handball team (n = 14, 17 (0.5) years)). Following 6 weeks of tactical training an exhibition game was performed where the players were advised to use the target patterns as often as possible. Subsequently, the position data of the game was analysed with an ANN. The test revealed that 58% of the played patterns could be related to the trained target patterns. The similarity between executed patterns and target patterns was assessed by calculating the mean distance between key positions of the players in the game and the target pattern which was 0.49 (0.20) m. In summary, the presented method appears to be a valid instrument to assess tactical training.  相似文献   

Editorial: Social Networking and Mobile Learning     

Norbert Pachler  Maria Ranieri  Stefania Manca  John Cook 《British journal of educational technology : journal of the Council for Educational Technology》2012,43(5):707-710

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The optimum clustering framework: implementing the cluster hypothesis     

Norbert?FuhrEmail author  Marc?Lechtenfeld  Benno?Stein  Tim?Gollub 《Information Retrieval》2012,15(2):93-115

Document clustering offers the potential of supporting users in interactive retrieval, especially when users have problems in specifying their information need precisely. In this paper, we present a theoretic foundation for optimum document clustering. Key idea is to base cluster analysis and evalutation on a set of queries, by defining documents as being similar if they are relevant to the same queries. Three components are essential within our optimum clustering framework, OCF: (1) a set of queries, (2) a probabilistic retrieval method, and (3) a document similarity metric. After introducing an appropriate validity measure, we define optimum clustering with respect to the estimates of the relevance probability for the query-document pairs under consideration. Moreover, we show that well-known clustering methods are implicitly based on the three components, but that they use heuristic design decisions for some of them. We argue that with our framework more targeted research for developing better document clustering methods becomes possible. Experimental results demonstrate the potential of our considerations.  相似文献   

Numerical investigation of the power generation of a ducted composite material marine current turbine     

Ji-feng WANG  Janusz PIECHNA  Norbert MuLER 《浙江大学学报(A卷英文版)》2013,14(1):25-30

In the hostile and highly corrosive marine environment,advanced composite materials can be used in marine current turbines due to their high strength-to-weight ratios and excellent resistance to corrosion.A composite material marine current turbine(CMMCT),which has significant advantages over traditional designs,has been developed and investigated numerically.A substantial improvement in turbine performance is achieved by placement of a duct to concentrate the energy.Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) results show that the extracted power of a ducted CMMCT can be three to four times the power extracted by a bare turbine of the same turbine area.The results provide an insight into the hydrodynamic design and operation of a CMMCT used to shorten the design period and improve technical performance.  相似文献   

财政，政策与工业动力——电影产业中合拍现象的涌现     

Norbert Morawetz Jane Hardy Colin Haslam Keith Randle 《中国青年科技》2007,(12):64-64

本文对电影产业中日渐增多的跨国合作拍摄现象进行了探讨。我们认为，金融创新与制度创新造就了电影工业中的产业组织，合拍的出现则是它的延展。本文将电影金融作为风险分配机制的中心，依次讨论了合拍过程中政策支持、税收竞争增强、筹资与资金大量涌入等变化，是如何逐渐地提升电影产业发展的驱动力。  相似文献   

Multimedia: Differences in cognitive processes observed with EEG     

Ivan Gerě  Norbert Jaušcvec 《Educational technology research and development : ETR & D》1999,47(3):5-14

This study investigated the cognitive processes involved in learning information presented in multimedia and text format using electroencephalographic (EEG) measures. Thirty-eight students (19 gifted, and 19 average) learned material presented with text (text); text, sound, and picture (picture); and text, sound and video (video), while their EEG was recorded. Alpha power, which is inversely related to mental effort, was analyzed. For thetext presentation, the alpha power measures showed higher amplitudes (less mental activity) over the occipital and temporal lobes, and less alpha power (higher mental activity) over the frontal lobes. The results support the assumption that thevideo andpicture presentations induced visualization strategies, whereas thetext presentation mainly generated processes related to verbal processing. The results further showed that gifted students displayed less mental activity during all three formats of presentation. These differences were especially pronounced for thevideo format. No gender-related differences in EEG patterns related to the format of presentation were observed.  相似文献   

Pädagogik des Leistungssports     

Norbert Fessler 《Sportwissenschaft》2006,36(3):338-342

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Longitudinal monitoring of power output and heart rate profiles in elite cyclists     

Nimmerichter A  Eston RG  Bachl N  Williams C 《Journal of sports sciences》2011,29(8):831-840

Power output and heart rate were monitored for 11 months in one female (V(.)O(2max): 71.5 mL · kg?1 · min?1) and ten male (V(.)O(2max): 66.5 ± 7.1 mL · kg?1 · min?1) cyclists using SRM power-meters to quantify power output and heart rate distributions in an attempt to assess exercise intensity and to relate training variables to performance. In total, 1802 data sets were divided into workout categories according to training goals, and power output and heart rate intensity zones were calculated. The ratio of mean power output to respiratory compensation point power output was calculated as an intensity factor for each training session and for each interval during the training sessions. Variability of power output was calculated as a coefficient of variation. There was no difference in the distribution of power output and heart rate for the total season (P = 0.15). Significant differences were observed during high-intensity workouts (P < 0.001). Performance improvements across the season were related to low-cadence strength workouts (P < 0.05). The intensity factor for intervals was related to performance (P < 0.01). The variability in power output was inversely associated with performance (P < 0.01). Better performance by cyclists was characterized by lower variability in power output and higher exercise intensities during intervals.  相似文献   

Buddy up: the Köhler effect applied to health games     

Feltz DL  Kerr NL  Irwin BC 《运动与训练心理学杂志》2011,33(4):506-526

The present investigation examined the K?hler motivation gain effect in a health game using an absent partner, presented virtually. The K?hler effect occurs when an inferior team member performs a difficult task better in a team or coaction situation than one would expect from knowledge of his or her individual performance. The effect has been strongest in conjunctive task conditions in which the group's potential productivity is equal to the productivity of its least capable member. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four conditions (individual control, coaction, additive, and conjunctive) in a 4 (conditions) ? 2 (gender) factorial design and performed a series of isometric plank exercises within an exercise game. They performed the first series of five exercises alone holding each position for as long as they could, and, after a rest period, those in the partner conditions were told they would do remaining trials with a same-sex virtual partner whom they could observe during their performance. The partner's performance was manipulated to be always superior to the participant's. Results showed that task persistence was significantly greater in all experimental conditions than in the individual control condition. The conjunctive condition was no more motivating than either the additive or coactive conditions. Results suggest that working out with virtually present, superior partners can improve persistence motivation on exercise game tasks.  相似文献   

Some moral and technical consequences of automation     

Norbert Wiener 《Resonance》1999,4(1):80-88

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